2-5G electromagnetic field biological effect by oxidative stress investigation on animals: exposure and aftereffects

«Radiation and Risk», 2024, vol. 33, No. 2, pp.57-64

DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2024-33-2-57-64

Authors

Perov S.Yu. – Head of Lab., D.Sc., Biol. Contacts: 31 Pr. Budennogo, Moscow, Russia, 105275. Tel.: +7 (495) 366-86-39; e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .
Lifanova R.Z. – Junior Researcher. FSBSI “RIOH”.
Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Moscow

Abstract

The fifth generation (5G) cellular networks development with operation various previous cellular standards indicates a change of electromagnetic background by new sources, and has a human health risk factor. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the electromagnetic field biological effects of monthly multifrequency electromagnetic field exposure from 2-5G cellular communication systems on some indicators of oxidative stress in the blood of rats and the aftereffect state. The first group of animals exposed by electromagnetic field from 2-4G base stations (central frequencies 1.8; 2.1 and 2.6 GHz), second – 5G with central frequencies 3.5; 28 and 37 GHz. The pro-oxidant and antioxidant components concentrations (diene conjugates, ketodienes) and catalase in blood rats were investigate. Results showed the possibility of pro-oxidant and antioxidant components concentrations imbalance which is a consequence of the oxidation processes activation and an increase body’s adaptive mechanisms, in particular, antioxidant protection. The electromagnetic field biological effect of 5G NR/IMT-2020 exposed is unstable, as opposed to the consequences of 2-4G electromagnetic field exposure.

Key words
multi-frequency electromagnetic field, mobile communication, subacute effect, catalase, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant defence, radiobiology, environmental health.

References

1. Bandara P., Carpenter D.O. Planetary electromagnetic pollution: it is time to assess its impact. Lancet Planet. Health, 2018, vol. 2, no. 12. Pp. e512-e514.

2. Rothman K.J., Chou C.K., Morgan R., Balzano Q., Guy A.W., Funch D.P., Preston-Martin S., Mandel J., Steffens R., Carlo G. Assessment of cellular telephone and other radio frequency exposure for epidemiologic research. Epidemiology, 1996, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 291-298.

3. Attalla S.M. Health hazards of mobile information communication technologies. Mobile Information Communication Technologies Adoption in Developing Countries: Effects and Implications. Eds.: A.G. Abdel-Wahab, A.A.A. El-Masry. New York, IGI Global, 2011, pp. 237-251.

4. Hardell L., Carlberg M. Health risks from radiofrequency radiation, including 5G, should be assessed by experts with no conflicts of interest. Oncol. Lett., 2020, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 15. DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11876.

5. Sienkiewicz Z., Calderón C., Broom K.A., Addison D., Gavard A., Lundberg L., Maslanyj M. Are expo-sures to multiple frequencies the key to future radiofrequency research? Front. Public Health, 2017, vol. 5, pp. 328. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2017.00328.

6. Schuermann D., Mevissen M. Manmade electromagnetic fields and oxidative stress – biological effects and consequences for health. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2021, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 3772. DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073772.

7. Dasdag S., Akdag M.Z. The link between radiofrequencies emitted from wireless technologies and oxidative stress. J. Chem. Neuroanat., 2016, vol. 75, pp. 85-93.

8. Yakymenko I., Tsybulin O. Oxidative stress induced by wireless communication electromagnetic fields. Elec-tromagnetic Fields of Wireless Communications: Biological and Health Effects. Ed.: D.J. Panagopoulos. New York, CRC Press, Taylor&Francis, 2022, pp. 97-136.

9. Pompella A., Maellaro E., Casini A.F., Ferrari M., Ciccoli L., Comporti M. Measurement of lipid peroxidaton in vivo: a comparison of different procedures. Lipids, 1987, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 206-211.

10. Korolyuk M.A., Ivanova L.I., Majorova I.G., Tokarev V.E. Method for determining catalase activity. Labora-tornoe delo – Laboratory Work, 1988, no. 1, pp. 16-19. (In Russian).

11. Sies H. Oxidative stress: concept and some practical aspects. Antioxidants (Basel), 2020, vol. 9, no. 9, pp. 852. DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090852.

12. Alkis M.E., Bilgin H.M., Akpolat V., Dasdag S., Yegin K., Yavas M.C., Akdag M.Z. Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain. Electromagn. Biol. Med., 2019, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 32-47.

13. Sharma A., Shrivastava S., Shukla S. Oxidative damage in the liver and brain of the rats exposed to fre-quency-dependent radiofrequency electromagnetic exposure: biochemical and histopathological evidence. Free Radic. Res, 2021, vol. 55, no. 5, pp. 535-546.

14. Bozok S., Karaagac E., Sener D., Akakin D., Tumkaya L. The effects of long-term prenatal exposure to 900, 1800, and 2100 MHz electromagnetic field radiation on myocardial tissue of rats. Toxicol. Ind. Health, 2023, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 1-9.

15. Georgiou C.D., Kalaitzopoulou E., Skipitari M., Papadea P., Varemmenou A., Gavriil V., Sarantopoulou E., Kollia Z., Cefalas A.C. Physical differences between man-made and cosmic microwave electromagnetic radiation and their exposure limits, and radiofrequencies as generators of biotoxic free radicals. Radiation. 2022. vol. 2, no. 4, pp. 285-302.

16. Giere R. Magnetite in the human body: biogenic vs. anthropogenic. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2016, vol. 113, no. 43, pp. 11986-11987.

17. Kirschvink J.L. Microwave absorption by magnetite: a possible mechanism for coupling nonthermal levels of radiation to biological systems. Bioelectromagnetics, 1996, vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 187-194.

18. Ahmadi S. Nanoparticles induced oxidative stress and related effects especially under exposure to electro-magnetic radiations. J. Adv. Appl. NanoBio Tech., 2020, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 91-98.

19. Zadeh-Haghighi H., Simon C. Magnetic field effects in biology from the perspective of the radical pair mech-anism. J. R. Soc. Interface, 2022, vol. 19, no. 193, pp. 20220325. DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0325.

20. Vatamanu D., Miclaus S. Magnetite particle presence in the human brain: a computational dosimetric study to emphasize the need of a complete assessment of the electromagnetic power deposition at 3.5 GHz. Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res., 2021, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 7720-7729.

Full-text article (in Russian)