Study of malignant tumours of the urinal system among Chernobyl accident emergency workers over Russian Federation in 1987-1996

"Radiation and Risk" 1999. Vol. 11, pp. 49-64.

Authors

Biryukov A.P., Ivanov V.K., Kochergina E.V., Ivanov S.I.¹, Karyakin O.B., Maltseva V.I.
Medical Radiological Research Center of RAMS, Obninsk
¹ Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Abstract

In this work we used the data of the Russian National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) on the incidence of malignant tumours of the urinal system diagnosed during ten years (1987-1996) among Chernobyl accident emergency workers (liquidators) who are residents of the Russian Federation. It describes the system of collection and verification of data on malignant tumours. The work considers analysis of 213 cases of malignant tumours of the urinal system diagnosed and verified among liquidators. The aim of this work is to explore the effect of radiation on the level, structure and dynamics of incidence and mortality from these diseases. Distributions of malignant tumours of the urinal system by radiation dose, age at diagnosis, age at arrival to the Chernobyl zone and time of stay there, mortality and disability were calculated. The incidence rate and mortality rate in 1987-1996 were compared with data on Russian male population in 1995. The relationship between exposure and incidence rate was not proved. The mean dose received by liquidators with urinal cancer was near to the mean dose of liquidators as a whole (101,7 against 109 mGy). More than 70% of them were diagnosed in those younger 50 years old. The worst affected was age group from 40 to 49 years. The mean age of liquidators at the time of diagnosis of malignant tumours of the urinal system is 45,2 years, which is 13,6 years earlier than among males of Russia (58,8 years). The cancer of kidney is 48,4% of all urinal cancers among liguidators. The incidence rate and mortality rate among liguidators were higher, than in Russian male population in all age groups younger 50 years.

Key words
Liquidators, malignant neoplasms, cancer of the genitourinary system, Chernobyl accident, radiation dose, radiation exposure, mortality, external exposure dose, dose dependence of cancer development.

Rreferences

1. Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Maksyutov M.A., Rastopchin E.M., Gorsky A. I., Konogorov A. P., Chekin S.Yu., Pitkevich V.A., Mold R.F. Cancer morbidity and mortality among Chernobyl accident workers residing in the Russian Federation. Curr. Oncol. 1995. Vol. 2, No. 3. PP. 102-110.

2. Shimizu Y., Kato H., Schull W.J. Studies of the mortality of A-bomb survivors. Radiation Research. 1990. Vol. 121. PP. 120-141.

3. Moskalev Yu.I., Buldakov L.A., Kalmykova Z.N. and others. Problems of the radiobiology of americium-241. Moscow: Atomizdat Publ., 1977.

4. Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V., Remennik LV Morbidity of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them in Russia in 1995. Moscow: MNIOI them. Herzen MH RF, 1997. PP. 31-39.

5. Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Rastopchin E.M. et al. Planning of long-term radiation and epidemiological research on the basis of the Russian National Medical Dosimetric Registry. Nagasaki symposium on Chernobyl: update and future. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1994. PP. 203-216.

6. Vasilenko I.Ya. Hygiene and Sanitation. 1989.No. 7. PP. 55-58.

7. Wong F.L., Yamada M., Sasaki H., Kodama K., Akiba S., Shimoaka K. and Hosoda Y. Noncancer diseases incidence in the atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1986. Radiation Research. 1993. Vol. 135. PP. 418-430.

8. Chissov V.I., Starinsky V.V., Remennik L.V. The main indicators of the status of specialized oncological care for the population of Russia in 1996. Moscow: P.A. Herzen MORI, 1997.

9. Pitkevich V.A., Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Maksyutov M.A., Matyash V.A., Shchukina N.V. Dosimetric data of the Russian medical dosimetric register for liquidators. Radiation and Risk. 1995. Special Issue 2. PP. 3-44.

10. Album A., Norell S. Introduction to modern epidemiology. Tallinn, 1996.

11. Dvoyrin V.V., Axel E.N., Trapeznikov N.N. Incidence of malignant neoplasms and mortality from them in CIS countries in 1995. Moscow: ONC RAMS, 1996.

12. Tsyb A.F., Ivanov V.K., Biryukov A.P., Efendiev V.A. Epidemiological Aspects of Radiation Carcinogenesis (Scientific Review). Radiation and Risk. 1995. Issue. 6. PP. 78-122.

13. Biryukov A.P., Kochergina E.V., Kruglova Z.G., Karyakin О.B. Malignant neoplasms of the genitourinary system in the liquidators of Russia: Materials of the congress of CIS oncologists. Moscow, 1996. PP. 340.

14. Mold R.F. Risk specification with emphasis on cancer. Curr. Oncol. 1998. Vol. 5, No. 2. PP. 73-79.

15. Okeanov A.E., Zhakov I.G., Yakimovich G.V., Basulko N.V., Antipova S.I., Koshkina L.A. Medical consequences of exposure to radiation. Medico-biological aspects of the Chernobyl accident: Analytical and information bulletin of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Belarus. 1995. No. 2, 3.

16. Fedorenko B.S., Parfenov Yu.D. Biological effects of small doses of radiation. M .: IBF MZ USSR, 1983.

17. Diagnosis and treatment of oncological diseases. Collected Works. Edited by prof. B.P. Matveyev. Moscow: VONTS AMN USSR, 1991.

18. Lyubchenko P.N., Peskin A.V., Starinskiy V.V., Meskikh N.E., Talalaeva T.G., Smirnov Yu.N., Remennik L.V., Turaev R.N., Shirokova E.B., Dementieva O.Yu. Features of cancer morbidity of liquidators and residents of territories affected by the Chernobyl disaster: Textbook. M., 1997.

19. Pitkevich V.A., Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Maksyutov M.A., Matiash V.A., Shchukina N.V. Exposure levels for persons involved in recovery operations after the Chernobyl accident. Statistical analysis based on the data of the National Medical and Dosimetric Registry (RNMDR) // Radiation and Environmental Biophysics. 1997. Vol. 36. PP. 149-160.

20. Mathematical Modeling with Chernobyl Registry Data. Eds. Morgenstern W., Ivanov V.K., Mikhalsky A. I., Tsyb A.F., Schettler G. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1995.

Full text article (in Russian)